Before 1947, Pakistan was the part of India, ruled by British and many other rulers, such as Muhammad Ghouri, Sher Shah Suri and the mighty Mughal empire. It lacked capital and resources to come to Pakistan’s aid. This created complete pandemonium in the international community and Indian leadership as war prospected loomed largely. respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States, non-interference in the internal affairs of other State; non-aggression and peaceful settlement of disputes. Previously, Pakistan was a favorable country to the Afghan Taliban government that came into power in 1996. The news of its gaining independence was well received in the international community. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy in Initial Years. The European Union’s foreign minister explains his vision for a new U.S.-Europe partnership for the next four years. After only a couple of months, it went to war against India in 1947-48 over the issue of Kashmir. It was also hoped that the platform would help resolve disputes plaguing the two neighbours. It was heavily constrained since its independence to follow a policy that was less interdepended on foreign powers. The Bangladesh war and its impact on the power structure in South Asia, the Afghanistan crisis, the supply of advanced technology and weapons to Pakistan by China, a Pakistan oriented US foreign policy etc., have been the external situational inputs of Indian Foreign Policy. Retrospectively, Pakistan’s foreign policy inclined toward the United States of America. FOREIGN POLICY OF PAKISTAN Definition “The external policy of an independent, sovereign state which it pursues in its relations with other nations of the world in order to seek its national interest.” “The external policy of the state which it pursues to preserve its ideological character, safeguard its territorial integrity, maintain its political sovereignty and guarantee its economic well being” 8 The 1947-48 war between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir issue was a localized limited war. The country is under intense Foreign policy is associated with national power and strategic interests of Pakistan. Pakistan deliberates on its foreign policy According to documents and information accessed, Pakistan is also deliberating on maintaining a fine balance between its all-weather ally China and the new Joe Biden administration that will take over in the US. This sent a wave of shock across the leadership of the country as the water was the main sustenance of the economy and survival of the population. Pakistan remained instrumental in the formation of alliances with various powers of the world for advancing its national interests. How is it that a fundamentally non-political institution with British traditions of non-commitment…, Idealist plan of Muhammad Bin Tughluq was a great character in the history of medieval India. Foreign Policy of Pakistan. It is actually the national external policy to work for the peace, security and prosperity and make the better image of Pakistan in the world. 4.Implementation of U.N Charter. [citation needed] T The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries. 2.Cordial Relations with Muslim Countries. Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its material and moral support to the oppressed and suppressed peoples of the world, and in upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter.”. Pakistan wanted economic and military aid, protection against the hegemony of a bloated India and trust of the international community to survive. M. Saeed Khalid . Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of Pakistan and its first Governor General, in a broadcast talk to the people of the USA in February 1948, outlined the following goals of Pakistan’s foreign policy: “Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards all the nations of the world. Pakistan has been a responsible player in international affairs throughout its existence in the last seven decades. After a while when US problems started to grow in Afghanistan, it started to bash Pakistan for its failures in the region. In light of the guiding principles laid down by the founding fathers and the constitution as also aspirations of the people of Pakistan, the objectives of foreign policy can be summarized as under: – Promotion of Pakistan as a dynamic, progressive, moderate, and democratic Islamic country. It has shown a firm commitment to eradicate terrorism in all forms and never to allow its territory to be used by any terrorist organizations. Pakistan in several instances has played a responsible for in maintaining international peace. It emerged as a responsible country on issues of human rights, regional disputes, refugees crisis, nuclear deterrence and climate change. These military partnerships did add to the capacity of the armed forces of the country and strengthened its defences. Foreign policy of pakistan A country's foreign policy, also called the foreign relations policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals within international relations milieu. This situation warranted a complete overhaul of its security policy and its regional policy. Crucial Factors and Interests Influencing Foreign Policy of Pakistan Foreign policy is a tool of achieving the objectives of sates in foreign relations dictated national many internal and external factors. Pakistan as a state has managed to define its national purpose in words like, Sovereignty, unity, democracy, prosperity and social justice. There has been the dominant and conclusive role of bureaucracy in Pakistan. It modernized its army, navy and air force with the help of these military pacts. However, foreign and security policy in Pakistan is the domain of the military, especially the army and the intelligence services. It also showed its desire to maintain its nuclear stockpile to a minimum threshold. Pakistan's Foreign Policy in light of QUAID-E-AZAM'S WordsThe Founder of Pakistan Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah had envisioned the newlyindependent Muslim state’s foreign policy to be one of “peace with all, and enmity with none”. The war which was planned by Pentagon against the USSR was designed to topple the Communist regime in Afghanistan and then create circumstances so that USSR would move into the region. Pakistan has performed an important role as a forefront state in ending the hazard of terrorism and extremism which has materialised as the most disparaging risk to international peace in the current era. Though diplomacy both countries avoided a full-blown conventional war. Ful-blown military operations were conducted within the Pakistani Taliban. The policy change will be explained by using Hermann’s three methods, which are: program change, second, adjustment change, and last problem or … Special emphasis is laid on economic diplomacy to take advantages offered by the process of globalization as also to face challenges of the 21st century. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. It has always conducted itself as a sagacious and mature partner in all international organization and forums. Our foreign policy is also geared to project the image of the country as a dynamic and moderate society. Compulsory Subjects Pakistan Affairs Chapter Foreign Policy of Pakistan MCQs: The Central Superior Services (denoted as CSS; or Bureaucracy) is an elite permanent bureaucratic authority, and the civil service that is responsible for running the civilian bureaucratic operations and government secretariats and directorates of the Cabinet of Pakistan. The balance sheet of Pakistan’s foreign policy creates more positives than negatives and testifies its sincerity as a responsible country genuinely interested in world peace. Written with the express purpose of providing a reference book for students of history, political science, international relations, and Pakistan Studies. 1.Protection of freedom and soveregnity. Pakistans Foreign Policy 1947-2019 A Concise History. A Concise History by Abdul Sattar Fourth Edition(Oxford Paperbacks) Pakistan’s trials, tribulations and achievements in foreign relations were first comprehensively analysed by the country’s former Foreign Minister, Abdul Sattar, in his book “Pakistan’s Foreign Policy” published in 2006. 5.Promotion of World Peace. Many in India thought it is not the end and Pakista… It preferred a friendly and receptive government in Kabul so that its security interests were safeguarded. Its foreign policy was determined by … Pakistan has therefore always sought to develop friendly and cordial relations with all countries of the world. Critics believed that Pakistan should not join the Commonwealth because Pakistan had rejected Mountbatten as its governor-general while India accepted his offer. It must be admitted that Pakistan’s foreign policy in the initial years remained fixated on Indian actions which mired Pakistan in one dispute after the other. Pakistan's Foreign Policy seeks to protect, promote and advance Pakistan's national interests in the comity of nations” Pakistan security establishment after the 1971 debacle had realized the imbalance between India and itself in a conventional war. A dumbfounded and flabbergasted India took the issue of Kashmiri people. It is a reflection of the national interests that are wanted to accomplish through the use of its foreign policy. In Pakistan, foreign policy is considered as the best tool of foreign aid. But the disastrous terrorist episode of 9/11 was a serious brink in the foreign policy of Pakistan. Still, Pakistan has remained an active member of the Commonwealth and utilized it potential to advance its national interests. On the eve of the cold war, several proxy wars were fought between the US and Soviet Union on neutral battlegrounds by avoiding confrontation in conventional wars. Nevertheless, it was still felt that opportunity should be tapped so that expertise, resources and assistance of this intergovernmental platform may be utilized. The foreign policy of Pakistan seeks to promote the internationally recognized norms of interstate relations, i.e. It has been rigorously following various UN, IMF, ADB and WB assistance programmes to transform its flagging economy. Therefore, a states stance, national purpose, and policy making capability eventually projects itself in the form of a foreign policy in international relations. Sanity prevailed and the two countries sat together to iron out differences over the distribution of water resources. The 1stfeature of Pakistan’s foreign policy is protection of independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Pakistan, primary concern of Pakistan and for that matter every state is … Written with the express purpose of providing a reference book for students of history, political science, international relations, and Pakistan studies . 3.Non Interference in Internal Affairs of Other ountries. When Pakistan Became Member of the Commonwealth of Nations? Pakistan after a while joined various military treaties such as SEATO (1954-1977) and CENTO (1955-1979) to advance its strategic interests in the region. Dr Maleeha Lodhi will unpack what these changes mean for Pakistan and outline Islamabad’s foreign policy and security priorities. Therefore, on the western border, it had to create a cushion for itself in Afghanistan. 6.NON-ALIGNMENT. Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards all the nations of the world. The foreign policy of Pakistan is guided by the vision and principles set forth by the founding father of the country, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who said that: Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards all the nations of the world. A country’s foreign policy is supposed to stay in lockstep with its political progression. What is the Difference Between Presidential and Parliamentary Form of Government? The 1947-48 war between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir issue was a localized limited war. And the military-intelligence complex does not want any change.” The foreign policy of Pakistan seeks to promote the internationally recognized norms of interstate relations, i.e. It has participated in European Union and other international organizations to show support for ending hunger, use of war as an instrument of state policy. Indeed, some mistakes were committed by the security policymakers as they showed reluctance to accept the magnitude of threat imposed by a war that had spilt from Afghanistan into Pakistan. It has shown the firm resolve to ensure peace in Afghanistan. It was started with the emergence of Nation-State System. Pakistan foreign policy has passed through different phases. Characteristics of Power in International Relations. – Safeguarding the interests of Pakistani Diaspora abroad. Several factors were considered. Pakistan’s foreign policy had to bring a change in dealing with the Afghan government of Taliban. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan and its first Governor-General, in a broadcast talk to the people of the USA on February 1948, outlined the following goals of Pakistan’s foreign policy: Strategic Export Control Division (SECDIV), One Window Facilitation for Overseas Pakistanis, Focal Persons In Pakistan Missions Abroad. The central theme around which the foreign policy of Pakistan revolves historically as well as currently is to neutralise the Indian threat and to keep the Kashmir issue alive. Abdul Sattar. It was touted by the United States as the most allied partner of the US. The international organization had come into being in 1945 and had risen from the ashes of World War II. This created an appropriate occasion for it to raise its genuine concern about the issues about the thorny issue of the illegal annexation of Kashmir by India. The country embraced with sincerity the toll order of eradicating terrorism in all forms in or outside its territorial borders. – Consolidating our commercial and economic cooperation with international community. The third important feature of Pakistan ’s foreign policy relates o economic issues, trade and investment. Pakistan’s Relations with othercountries Pakistan has good foreign relations with China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and other countries of the Persian Gulf. Pakistan has complicated and inconsistent relations with the United States. Relations between Pakistan and India have not been great historically, but they are moving in the right direction of late. Relations between Pakistan and Russia have … The partition was unacceptable to India, particularly Hindus, as they called the partition vivisection of their holy cow. – Developing friendly relations with all countries of the world, especially major powers and immediate neighbours. The problem in Pakistan foreign policy is the same old problem: The real policy makers, are not responsible for its implementation, nor answerable to anyone for its consequences. Moreover, it was no more interested in the affairs of the two countries. It was heavily dominated by Western powers at that time under the banner of the United States of America on one side and the Soviet Union which occupied the largest area in the world on the other side. This shadow contest for superiority immediately after the end of World War II and the creation of the UN set the stage for the Cold War between the two superpowers of the world. Foreign Policy Magazine. In fact, “9/11 came as a shockwave”. Since Imran Khan became the Prime Minister of Pakistan in 2018, the foreign policy of Pakistan seems to have been in a position of change. When the Britishers left they partitioned the land of India and Pakistan was incepted on the face of Map. After marathon deliberations, the country decided to make alignment with the United States. The Constitution of Pakistan also lays down guidelines for the conduct of foreign policy of the country. However, unfortunately, all the idealistic goals led to failure…, The wars between England and France had failed to produce any results and most of the problems remained unsettled. After 1979, Pakistan’s foreign policy was hijacked by the United States. By this yardstick, Pakistan’s foreign policy has, indeed, kept as tortuous a course as its political meandering, stumbling from crisis to crisis. – Safeguarding national security and geo-strategic interests, including Kashmir. Pakistan decided to become a nuclear power. Initially, it was preoccupied in a myriad of domestic affairs which kept it busy to pay any attention towards making its presence felt. Abdul Sattar. The was ended but Pakistan could not serve its relationship with a war-torn Afghanistan. The guiding principles of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy are rooted in the country’s Islamic ideology, its rich cultural heritage and historical experience. It courted the US twice in 1979-1988 and then in 2001-2008 only to damage its national interests. Dr Maleeha Lodhi was until October 2019 Pakistan’s Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York, the first woman to hold the post. Pakistan fought a proxy war from 1979-1988 on the behest of the United States so that USSR may be dismembered. Pakistan became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations after the independence in 1947 from Britain.it is an intergovernmental organization which comprises countries which were erstwhile colonies of Britain in the colonial era before the start of the decolonization process after the end of World War II in 1945. However, things took an ugly turn when India started tinkering with the flow of water which was flowing from India into Pakistan and had its control in Indian areas. This landmark accord has survived the test of time and has not created any further friction on the distribution of water resources. The global political order was precarious as several countries joined the US camp en bloc and others embraced the arms of the Soviet Union. However, it remained obstinate in the face of growing sanctions and scathing scolding by the United States. 6 GUIDING PRINCPLES OF PAKISTAN'S FPREIGN POLICY. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or … Pakistan was given an invitation from Russia as well as the United States to make a formal state visit. But at the turn of the events the Taliban government lacked support from Pakistan. News Desk. Initially, some concern was voiced by critics on joining Commonwealth of Nations. In 1950, after the three years of independence of Pakistan, South Korea was attacked by North Korea by the help of USSR, on the other hand, the United States of America decided to help South Korea. It must be admitted that Pakistan’s foreign policy in the initial years remained fixated on Indian actions which mired Pakistan in one dispute after the other. It repeated its concern regarding the nuclear deterrence to address the issue of balance of power in the South Asian region. Support to Palestinians cardinal pillar of Pakistan’s foreign policy: Munir. Through a World Bank brokered accord, the two countries after a series of parleys agreed to distributor water resources, canals and headworks through the Indian Basin Treaty signed on September 19, 1960. Most of the countries became camp followers as the two giant garnered support to advance their interests across different regions of the world. It also evaluated that the Soviet Union was occupied in sweeping the spoils of the two World Wars that it had fought. The aftershocks of 9/11 have impacted on Pakistan severely necessitating radical revisions in some of its key foreign policy goals. 5 BASIC GOALS OF PAKISTAN'S FOREIGN POLICY. It was a bombshell for the country. Since 9/11 Pakistan foreign policy has moved through several phases. It was feared that India would have more good relations with Commonwealth than Pakistan and if any issue arises between the two states then Britain would likely favour India. Pakistan argued that peace could endure only if it had nuclear weapons. We believe in the principle of honesty and fair play in national and international dealings and are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world. It also strengthened its capability to defend itself against Indian aggression as it tried to maintain a balance of power in the region and avoided getting bullied by Indian hegemony. However, the damning reality was ignored which dictated that Britain had become a weak power and had lost its clout in corridors of world power. Pakistan maintained its strict neutrality in the Korean War that lasted for two years. Foreign policy of pakistan by abdul sattar pdf - Written with the express purpose of providing a reference book for students of history, political science, international relations, and Pakistan Studies, this book. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy seeks to protect, promote and advance Pakistan’s national interests in the external domain. The Foreign Ministry contributes towards safeguarding Pakistan’s security and advancing Pakistan’s development agenda for progress and prosperity following the guiding principles laid out by our founding fathers. Pakistan came into being on 14 th of August 1947 and it inherited the legacy of foreign policy from the British India.However it made some adjustments in accordance with its ideology and objectives of Pakistan movement. Pakistan joined the United Nations on September 30, 1947. However, it made the country reliant on the US and eventually it was reduced to making compromises on its national interests. But Pakistan seems to believe that merely blaming a blameworthy India, instead of maximising its longer-term foreign policy options through development, is good enough policy. The war which ultimately eradicated the…, To grip the subject of POWER the study of elements of power is not enough because it does not give a clear picture of the…, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Development of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Role of Religion in Pakistan Politics | CSSParho.com, Effects of Arab Conquest on Sindh | CSSParho.com, Pakistan decided to become a nuclear power, Is Turkey Trying to Revive Ottoman Empire Again, Evolution of Muslim Society in Sub-Continent, The Current Affairs of Education in Pakistan 2020, Seven Years War between England and France. 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