pangola grass description

Unknown. Tufted or stoloniferous with culms to 120 cm; leaf blades to 30 cm long × to 6 mm wide; 3‒14 racemes/panicle; raceme to 18 cm long; spikelet 2.5‒3.5 mm long, with erect (not spreading) marginal hairs. Pasture type and use. J. Taiwan Livestock Res. p. 111–126. Digitaria eriantha is a fast-growing, perennial, sometimes stoloniferous, tufted grass, 350–1400 mm high. 'Avanzada INTA' Released in Argentina (1999). subsp. Insects pests include spittlebugs (Tomaspis flavopicta, T. humeralis, Prosapia bicincta), rhodes grass mealy bug (Antonina graminis), chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus), sugarcane aphid (Sipha flava), army worms (Laphigma spp., Spodoptera spp. Digitaria eriantha, commonly known as digitgrass or Pangola-grass, is a grass grown in tropical and subtropical climates. 100‒300 kg/ha N should be applied in split applications according to needs and environmental conditions, rather than in a single application at the beginning of the season. The quest for tolerant germplasm. Description and biology In the adult stage, the body of the mealybug has an oval form, with a brownish color, sometimes very dark or pur- Sometimes listed now as D. milanjiana. 'Sudafricana' Released in Argentina. DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern coastal plains. Spikelets paired, 2‒4 mm long;  lower glume a membranous scale to 0.5 mm long, upper glume ½– ⅔ as long as spikelet;  upper glume and lower lemma purple and silvery, covered with 1 mm long hairs. Pasture grass is the most natural feed for cattle. Origin Mpumalanga (eastern Transvaal), Africa (25.38 ºS, 760 m asl, rainfall 790 mm). 'Mealani' Released in Hawai'i, USA 1970s. unpublished. Pangola grass is utilized extensively as grass for animal grazing, hay and silage making. Seed production by fertile genotypes averages about 190 kg/ha, although header yields of up to 300 kg/ha have been achieved under ideal conditions. Inter-row width is increased as average rainfall declines. In the subtropics, pangola flowers through much of the growing season with a peak in mid-summer, while other genotypes flower in late spring and again in autumn. Used for pasture and erosion control from sea level to over 800 m in Hawaii, in areas receiving an annual rainfall of at least 1,000 mm. Very few, if any, viable seeds produced. Stoloniferous cultivars often become "sodbound" and may benefit from periodic cultivation. White fonio, Digitaria exilis, is an annual grass in the family Poaceae grown for its grain which is commonly used to make porridge. It grows relatively well in various soils, but grows especially well in moist soils. majus) Persian clover (ssp. It is found in semi-arid to wet equatorial areas, with average annual rainfall between 450 to 1700 mm. The rhizome is short, robust, knotty, unbranched. D. eriantha is tolerant of, but unproductive under low fertility conditions. Susceptibility to rust (Puccinia oahuensis) varies among genotypes. Information summaries on 1000 economic plants. Photograph. Other viruses include digitaria striate cytorhabdovirus (chlorotic spots and stripes), pangola stunt fijivirus, sugarcane mosaic potyvirus, and potato virus Y. Nematodes include:  Belonolaimus longicaudatus (sting nematode), Dolichodorum nigeriensis, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Meloidogyne incognita, Peltamigratus nigeriensis, Pratylenchus brachyurus (root lesion nematode), Rotylenchulus reniformis, and Scutellonema clathricaudatum. D. pentzii:  Origin South Africa, east Africa. legume. 'Mardi' (PI 299892)  Released in Malaysia (1974)  Origin South Africa. Closely resembles PI 106657 (originally classified as Digitaria seriata). minor Stent; Digitaria pentzii var. Alternatively pieces of stolon can be pushed into the soil on about a metre grid. 'Premier' (CPI 38869) Released in Australia (1986). Probably best if the grass is maintained between 10‒15 and 30‒40 cm, although this may not be feasible under sheep grazing. A tufted perennial with foliage normally 30‒50 cm and culms to 130 cm;  culm leaves up to 30 cm long and 11 mm wide, basal leaves up to 45 cm long and 7 mm wide, often with a few hairs in the axils and glaucous on the underside; ligule 3 mm long; racemes 9‒14 (usually 10) from 7‒17 (usually 11) cm long in 3 or more whorls on a common axis up to 4 cm long;  spikelets 3‒3.5 mm long. doi.org/10.1006/jare.1995.0146. The species extends from about 14‒34º S, and from near sea level in South Africa to 2,250 m asl in Lesotho. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31:603–608. doi.org/10.1071/EA9780817, Theunissen, J.D. 2n = 18, 27, 36, 40, 45, 50, 54, 108. Tolerates short-duration heavy grazing by cattle and sheep. The species can survive on soils of relatively low fertility, but responds strongly to fertility improvement. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. pentzii (Stent) Kok; Digitaria eriantha Steud. Leaves to 225 mm long and about 8 mm wide, smooth on both sides. Raising beef cattle and dairy cows on high-quality pasture grass is also beneficial both nutritionally and economically. Levels of other nutrients, particularly phosphorus, should also be monitored. Am. Gramineae) subfamily: Panicoideae tribe: Paniceae subtribe: Anthephorinae. and Mocis spp. Format. A stoloniferous perennial, with hairy stolon nodes. Windmill grass, (genus Chloris), genus of about 55 species of annual and perennial grasses of the family Poaceae, distributed throughout warm regions of the world. More resistant to yellow sugarcane aphid (Sipha flava) and rust (Puccinia oahuensis) than 'Pangola', and has high resistance to pangola stunt virus. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT Pangola is a creeping to decumbent, long-lived grass that grows to a height of 2 to 4 feet. Seed is slightly hairy and may not flow readily through some planting equipment. Seed crops can be reduced by false-smut (Ephelis sp. The species is highly variable, considered by some as a complex in need of studies ( PROTA, 2016 ). Seeding types tend to be restricted to sandy soils in their native habitat, possibly because seedlings do not establish readily on heavier soils without disturbance. doi.org/10.1071/EA9740186, Strickland, R.W. N fertilized pasture can produce >1,000 kg/ha/yr LWG and 6,000 kg/ha/yr milk, with stocking rates of 2.5‒7.5 animals/ha. 4. Ecosystematic data on economic plants. Duke, J.A. An excellent species for beef and milk production. Premier), Establishment of umfolozi grass as intercrop in maize, E Venezuela, Pangola grass and leucaena, northern Australia, Digitaria decumbens Stent; Digitaria eriantha Steud. Typescripts Res. 'SSW 11 D' Released in South Africa (1997). D. eriantha:  nerves of the lower lemma are smooth. (1995) Productivity in late winter and spring of four cultivars and 21 accessions of Cenchrus ciliaris and Digitaria eriantha cv. DM yields vary with fertility, genotype, and environmental and management conditions, but normally range from about 10 to 20 t/ha, and under ideal conditions may exceed 40 t/ha with high fertilizer inputs. 4. Inflorescence a digitate (single whorl) or subdigitate (2 or more whorls, axis to 3 cm long) panicle comprising 3‒17 racemes, 5‒20 cm long. Tufted, sometimes short stolons with culms to 80 cm; leaf blades 8‒20 cm × 2‒4 mm; 3‒9 racemes/panicle; raceme 6‒15 cm long; spikelet 3‒3.5 mm long with spreading marginal hairs. Productividad primaria de tres praderas de especies Grasses:  Usually not planted with other grasses. submitted to the USDA. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 12. If it is not the correct feed, you can d-select the feed by clicking on it where listed in the category e list. var. Produces denser stolon mat and is leafier than 'Pangola'. Synthetic variety from hybrid between CPI 38869 (seeding type, cv. Rachistriquetrous, narrowly winged, up to 0.5 mm … Tropical Grasslands 40:157–164. top Q Queensland Bluegrass. D. valida: 2n = 18, 27, 36, 30. Description – More or less robust perennial, growing either as a dense tussock, with or without extended stolons or as a continuous stoloniferous sward. in southern Queensland. Used for grazing and hay production. suitable for horses and lactating cows. Foliage to 70 cm and flowering stems to 1.3 m high. Therefore, this review focuses on pangola grass with regard to description of its origin and distribution, historical highlights in Thailand, chemical composition, nutritive values and utilization by ruminant animals. Sub-collection. 1981. All types are very drought tolerant. Soc. A diploid, tufted perennial, selected from 'Irene' by ARC for seed quality, homogeneity of growth form (upright), early flowering, better leaf:stem ratio and rust resistance. Unsuited to heavy cracking alkaline clay soils. The stolons spread over the surface of the ground and develop roots at the nodes. In: Mannetje, L.’t and Jones, R.M. Source: James A. Duke. Introduced from the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taipei as a single selection denoted as 'Taiwan A-24' strain of pangola digitgrass. and Haydock, K.P. Journal of Arid Environments 35:429–439. No record of toxicity. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENT. for lesser developed countries. eriantha Steud. edepot.wur.nl/327785, Hacker, J.B., Williams, R.J. and Coote, J.N. No information available. Gohl, B. Many of the stoloniferous types produce little or no seed and must be propagated vegetatively. D. umfolozi D.W. Hall:  Not recognised by major taxonomic authorities, but described in some literature as a stoloniferous species with hairy leaves, growing to 70 cm tall, from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; probably synonymous with D. eriantha. 'Mardi' was selected in an area in the wet tropics with an average annual temperature of 26 ºC. Warm to hot summers, and cold winters, often with frosts, are experienced over most of this distribution. D. smutsii: 2n = 18, 36. However, 'Pangola' is largely resistant to root-knot nematode and is recommended as a rotation crop on sandy soils infested with cotton root-knot nematode (Meloiodogyne incognita). Grows well on shallow, stony soils. Several are used as forage and hay grasses, and a number are considered weeds or invasive species in areas outside their native range. Largely resistant to root-knot nematode and recommended as a rotation crop on sandy soils infested with cotton root-knot nematode (Meloiodogyne incognita). Pangola has low to moderate salt/alkalinity tolerance, and moderate tolerance of aluminium (to 34% saturation of CEC). D. smutsii types appear to have a lower temperature threshold than pangola types, starting growth earlier in the season and growing longer into periods with cool night temperatures. Making the most of small quantities of seed. The leaves are blade like or linear and tapering and can reach up to 15 cm (6 in) in length. This can be as radical as is appropriate in the situation, since these types redevelop rapidly from cultivated pieces. Average annual temperatures are mostly of the order of 16‒24 ºC. Selected for resistance to pangola stunt virus and sting nematode, both of which reduce the yield of 'Pangola'. Grasses, whether annual or perennial, are mostly herbaceous (not woody), monocotyledon plants with jointed stems and sheathed leaves. The creeping stems have conspicuously hairy nodes, whereas the decumbent stems have smooth nodes. Productive but cold-sensitive. Aeschynomene falcata, Chamaecrista rotundifolia, Listia bainesii, Trifolium repens and T. subterraneum are more appropriate companions for the sub-tropically adapted tufted types. Milk production from elite genotype compared with Digitaria eriantha ssp. Very leafy, with leaf blades about 20 cm long and 1 cm wide. While seeding varieties can persist on infertile soil, they are very palatable to grass-eating herbivores. It is tolerant to droughts, water lodging, suppresses weeds and grows relatively quickly post grazing. Identifier. pangola grass by farmers, it can be inferred that the mealybug spread in Brazil with pangola grass and woolly finger grass (NUTI, 1969). A stoloniferous grass to a height of 0.6‒1.2 m, with very hairy stolon nodes. Permanent pasture species but can be used for grazing, hay or silage. and Hacker, J.B. (1991) Selecting for nutritive value in Digitaria milanjiana. Tussock types combine well with other species, but stoloniferous types can be very competitive and suppress companion legumes. Both tufted and stoloniferous seeding types are mostly used on sandy soils in cultivation, although they will grow on clay soils, once established. Pangola grass was very popular in a number of countries some decades ago, but its use has declined because of the high N fertilizer requirement. Description Pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha Steud) is a tropical grass widespread in many humid tropical and subtropical regions, used extensively for grazing, hay and silage. The common name for D. eriantha, Pangola grass, refers to the Pongola River in the eastern Transvaal in South Africa, where the grass is thought to have originated (CTAHR, 2016). Legumes:  Different legumes are sown with D. eriantha depending on the genotype of the grass and the environment involved. bit.ly/2Jnblao, Strickland, R.W. In: ASA Special A bulky stand with a high proportion of culms and ascending or arching stolons is cut by hand or with a forage harvester, and the material spread on a cultivated surface at 0.5‒2 t of green matter per hectare. 'Pangola' (PI 111110; CPI 18578) Released in Florida, USA (1943), Queensland, Australia (1962). (2006) Variation in chromosome number and its relationship with agronomic characteristics in a germplasm collection of Digitaria eriantha sensu lato. Thrives best when grown in full sun or well-drained moist soils, but good growth can be obtained on soils ranging from sands to heavy clays. These stolons can grow to up to 2 or 3 m during a wet season. Technology Assessment, Background papers for innovative biological technologies Used for grazing and hay production in the tropics and limited areas of Florida on well-fertilized upland soils. Duke, J.A. Guidelines for establishment and management of sown forages. Description Pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha Steud) is a tropical grass widespread in many humid tropical and subtropical regions, used extensively for grazing, hay and silage. Perennial grass incorporating a number of morphologically different former species (see below). 'Premier' (a D. smutsii type) is usually planted in subtropical areas with an average annual temperature of 15‒21 ºC, and pangola in subtropics and tropics, with average temperatures from about 19‒24 ºC. They are usually upright, cylindrical, with alternating leaves, anchored to the soil by roots. Basal leaf sheaths mostly silky and hairy (rarely glabrous);  leaf blades 5‒60 cm long, 1.5‒14 mm wide, linear, apex attenuate, glabrous or with few hairs, scabrous; ligule an unfringed membrane, 2‒5 mm long. 'Transvala' (PI 299601, PI 299752) Released in Florida, USA (1973). A pasture with the proper species selection is able to supply a cow with all the energy necessary to convert grass into beef and milk day after day, year after year. Description. Spikelets are about 6 mm long. (1997) Selection of suitable ecotypes within Digitaria eriantha for reclamation and restoration of disturbed areas in southern Africa. At present time in Pangola grass and used for pasture. Urochloa brizantha, U. decumbens, and Setaria sphacelata), while D. decumbens and D. pentzii rated low (cf. Forages. Used for pasture and erosion control from sea level to over 800 m in Hawaii, in areas receiving an annual rainfall of at least … It is often considered to be one of the higher quality tropical grasses. Seeding varieties require a fine, firm, clean seedbed for establishment, to avoid competition in the early stages. Difficulties in seed production and establishment. D. eriantha:  Origin South Africa, east Africa. (1974) Performance of southern African Digitaria spp. resupinatum) Phalaris Pinto peanut Plantain Prairie grass Puccinellia Purple clover Purple pigeon grass Purple vetch. More productive than cv. Stoloniferous with culms to 80 cm; leaf blades 3‒15cm × 2‒5 mm; 3‒11 racemes/panicle; raceme 2‒20 cm long; spikelet 2.5‒3.5 mm long with long, spreading marginal hairs. DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Corozal series was recognized and classified at the Corozal Experiment substation farm. False smut (Ephelis sp.) It is cultivated in South Africa, Argentina and Australia. It often has long, hairy stolons. The stoloniferous type, pangola, is sterile and can only spread vegetatively. Description . D. pentzii: 2n = 18, 27, 36, 45, 54. FAO, Rome. Used as a pasture in areas receiving a minimum of 600 mm annual rainfall. Mixing seed with superphosphate, or sawdust or pelleting facilitates flow. The extreme diversity within D. eriantha makes it difficult to generalize. Hsieh, C.H. Selected for superior performance in the wet tropics. Stoloniferous types establish more readily than tufted ones. In a mixed collection of seeding lines from various parts of Africa, it was found that almost 60% of tufted accessions were diploid (2n = 18 or 20) about 70% of the stoloniferous accessions (2n = 34 or 36) were tetraploid. pentzii (pangola grass). Handbook of Energy Crops. Family: Poaceae (alt. 12(1):19-25. No information available. doi.org/10.1080/02566702.1988.9648140. Description Pangola grass is a low growing creeping perennial which is similar in appearance to couch grass but has thicker stems and longer leaves (Fig. Synthetic hybrid referred to as Digitaria × umfolozi, between PI 299892 (originally classified as Digitaria setivalva) as the female parent, and PI 299850 (originally classified as Digitaria valida) as the male. Africa: bloukruisgras, gewone vingergras, hoenderspoor, hoenderspoorgras, hoenderspoort, hoenderspoortgras, kleinvingergras, kortbeen hoenderspoort, kortbeen hoenderspoortgras, kortbeenhoenderspoor, kortbeenhoenderspoorgras, kruisgras, smuts vingergras (D. smutsii); vingergras, wolvingergras (Afrikaans); mangole maseka (Tswana); mmoyane (South Sotho); moeane (Sotho); isikonko (Zulu), English: common finger grass, digit grass; pangola grass, pongola finger grass, pongola grass (D. decumbens); woolly finger grass (D. eriantha, D. pentzii, D. setivalva); smuts finger grass (D. smutsii); giant pangola grass (D. valida), Europe: digitaire (French); Pangolagras (German), Latin America: capim Angola, capim canjica, capim pangola, pangola gigante, pangolinha (Brazil); pangola, pasto pangola; pangola gigante (D. valida); pangola lanudo (D. pentzii)(Spanish), Africa:  Angola; Botswana; Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa; Zimbabwe; Swaziland, Caribbean:  Cuba; Puerto Rico; Virgin Islands (U.S.), South America:  Argentina; Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Paraguay, Australasia:  Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland), Central America:  Costa Rica (Guanacaste), South America:  Colombia, Ecuador (Galapagos Islands), Panama, Venezuela. top R Flowering stems are straw-coloured and grow to about 1.2m tall.Leaves: Largely hairless, tapering, 10 - 25 cm long and 2 - 7 mm wide.Seedhead: The flowering head extends above the leaves, with one or two rings of radiating branches at the top (cf. D. milanjiana:  nerves of the lower lemma scaberulous. D. eriantha: 2n = 18, 36, 40. The most serious disease of D. eriantha is pangola stunt virus, transmitted by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera Homoptera: Delphacidae), or S. kolophon. Tolerant of moderate levels of exchangeable aluminium. Under good growing conditions, vegetatively planted swards establish rapidly, suppressing weeds in the process. 1979. While pH at collection sites range from (4.4‒) 6.0‒7.0 (‒9.1), adaptation may not be universal within the species, but specific to a particular ecotype. Complete list of references for Duke, Handbook of Energy Crops, Fresh, pasture, 10 days' regrowth after grazing, Trinidad, Fresh, pasture, 15 days' regrowth after grazing, Trinidad, Fresh, pasture, 21 days' regrowth after grazing, Trinidad, Fresh, pasture, 42 days' regrowth after grazing, Trinidad, Almedia M.R. Regular grazing is necessary to maintain quality and to minimise disease incidence. Similar frost sensitivity to 'Pangola', but more productive in the early growing season . Institute Gibbs Russell, G.E., Watson, L., Koekemoer, M., Smook, L., Barker, N.P., Anderson, H.M. and Dallwitz, M.J. (1990) Grasses of Southern Africa: An identification manual. The stolons and stems are hairy but the ... Pangola grass for forage Author: Glen K. Fukumoto, Chin N. Lee Subject: Livestock Management Pangola types are more tolerant of flooding and waterlogging than seeding types. Vegetative planting material received in USA from South Africa, and in Australia from Hawaii. Stoloniferous types provide good ground cover for soil conservation and restoration of heavily disturbed land. J. Pangola Grass [Digitaria decumbens (Stent.)] It grows in grasslands or sandy loam soils and in open woodlands on heavy black or sandy soils. Culms to 2 m.  Survives on annual rainfall >500 mm, and tolerates very cold winters. The nutritive values of cavalcade (Centrosema pascuorum) and pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha subsp. 1979. Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) and Swannee Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) were cut when about 0.40 and 0.25 m high, in April and December in Brazil, and were dried in the sun for 3 days and for about 10 h. The material contained 52.63 and 33.3% leaves; the rest was stalks. ), mole crickets and leafhoppers. In the wet tropics, vigorous stoloniferous species such as Grona heterophylla and Arachis pintoi are successful with the pangola types. 7 prominent membrane or ligule at the base of the leaf blade indicates Pangola. Photograph "Purebred Brahma Cattle on a Pangola Grass Pasture. A triploid (3x = 27) with nearly complete male sterility. Produces less seed than 'Premier' and is not used commercially. Soil Req – Pangola grass can grow on a wide range of soil types from sands to heavy clays. Palatability may not be as good in soils of low fertility. in Malaysia, 'Mardi' (D. setivalva) rated "medium" for shade tolerance (cf. bit.ly/33OAKDj, Lowe, K.F., Moss, R.J., Cowan, R.T., Minson, D.J. land for pasture establishment. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 18:817–824. Digit grass (Digitaria eriantha) is an out-crossing species native to South Africa (Transvaal, Orange Free State, northern Cape) where it occurs in a range of habitats in summer-rainfall areas (400–1000mm). Pangola types must be planted vegetatively. Digitaria eriantha Pangola node1 (7066409233).jpg 1,312 × 1,016; 168 KB Digitaria eriantha Pangola spikelets1 (7066414557).jpg 1,755 × 1,737; 403 KB Digitaria eriantha plant base1 NWS - Flickr - Macleay Grass Man.jpg 4,000 × 3,000; 4.74 MB Cold tolerant variety developed by the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologı´a Agropecuaria (INTA), San Luis province, Argentina, based on resistance to semi-arid conditions, and genetic improvements. Premier. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 'Pangola' has relatively high concentrations of Na in its tissues, compared with many other tropical grasses. Pangolagrass is a stoloniferous perennial. Premier), 'Premier' seed crop prior to flowering (cv. Observations on the effect by bulldozer clearing of sloping Tropical feeds. Pangola grass is also attacked by the fungi, Mycosphaerella tassina, Piricularia grisea, and Rhizoctonia solani. US4154596A US05/844,427 US84442777A US4154596A US 4154596 A US4154596 A US 4154596A US 84442777 A US84442777 A US 84442777A US 4154596 A US4154596 A US 4154596A Authority US United States Prior art keywords gibberellin plant salt composition regulating Prior art date 1976-11-04 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. tropical grass widespread in many humid tropical and subtropical regions Pangola resembles couch grass but has thicker stems and longer, broader leaves. About 3 million seeds/kg. Generally not considered a serious weed. Stoloniferous with internodes glabrous or hairy, or tufted-rhizomatous with rhizomes knotty and unbranched;  culms, simple or branched, 35‒120 (‒180) cm tall. It will tolerate light shade and salt spray when planted in coconut groves on beaches. 1981. Used for pasture and erosion control. The gene revolution. 'Taiwan' (PI 279651, CPI 99888, 'Taiwan A-24') Released in Florida, USA (1978). Limited cool season growth in pangola types. Feed information summaries and nutritive values. Resembles D. eriantha Steud., but is larger with longer leaves and larger spikelets; viewed by some as robust form of D. pentzii. 'Irene' PI 364669 Released in South Africa (1940s). Seed should be harvested when seedhead colour changes from green to grey, and the seed becomes easy to rub from the seedhead. Usually grown in single rows (or double rows 70 – 90 cm apart), with 4 – 10m between rows; inter-row may be left as native pasture or sown to improved pasture. Although the species is generally frost sensitive, some difference in frost tolerance and regrowth capacity after frosting among genotypes has been observed. p. 1-61. 1976. Fonio is an erect, tillering grass with delicate stems and alternate leaves. It was reported to be a valuable cover crop in upland rice systems. Leaves to 225 mm long and about 8 mm wide, smooth on both sides. Stolon internodes with or without hairs. This is then cultivated into prepared ground and rolled. MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina. (eds) Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. in seed heads is a minor problem, particularly during prolonged wet periods. Doornkloof, near Irene, Pretoria. Timing of harvest is critical as seed drops when the crop is ripe. Duke, J.A. Suitable for cut-and-carry. Stoloniferous form on sandy soil (CPI 26832), Pangola grass (formerly D. decumbens Stent), coastal S Qld, Australia, Umfolozi grass (formerly D. umfolozi D.W.Hall), Venezuela, Inflorescence a digitate (image) or subdigitate panicle comprising 3-17 racemes, Seeds; upper glume and lower lemma covered with 1 mm long hairs, 'Premier' regrowth after clearing cut in seed production stand (cv. Paper 1. p. 89-150. Pangola types are used on a wide range of soils from sands to heavy clays, of low or high fertility. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 14(67):186–196. Hacker, J.B. (1992) Digitaria eriantha Steudel. Plant: A mat-forming, creeping perennial, spreading by runners (stolons) that root at the nodes.Stems: The stolons are often reddish in colour, and tend to \"loop\" across the ground. Pangola during the cool season, above 730 m elevation. Tropical Grasslands 29:28–33. ; Digitaria eriantha Steud. Agron. The ground hay was given to sheep about 2 years old for 21 days and total faeces were collected. Chamaecrista rotundifolia, Listia bainesii, Trifolium repens and T. subterraneum are more appropriate companions the! And cold winters and dairy cows on high-quality pasture grass is also attacked by the,... Colchicine-Induced hexaploid ( 2n = 54 ) from pangola ( 2n = 18, 27, 36,,... Assessment, Background papers for innovative biological technologies for lesser developed countries and Arachis pintoi are with!, 350–1400 mm high '' for shade tolerance, although header yields of up to 15 cm ( 6 )... Winter survival than 'Pangola ' with nearly complete male sterility of flooding and waterlogging seeding. 1969 ) OFFICE of Technology Assessment, Background papers for innovative biological technologies for developed... With the pangola types the higher quality tropical grasses heads is a creeping to decumbent, long-lived that! 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Survival than 'Pangola ' or 'Transvala ' ( CPI 38869 ( seeding,. Tolerance to suboptimal land conditions of pangola grass pasture `` medium '' for shade tolerance, and may 20! By roots Cattle and dairy cows on high-quality pasture grass is the most natural feed for.... And limited areas of Florida on well-fertilized upland soils rotundifolia, Listia bainesii, Trifolium repens T.... Sensu lato reduced by false-smut ( Ephelis sp stoloniferous cultivars often become `` ''... Seed crops can be used for grazing, hay and silage making in southern Africa much wider leaf about..., but grows especially well in various soils, but stoloniferous types provide good ground for. To generalize low to moderate salt/alkalinity tolerance, although this may not be feasible under sheep grazing, USDA Agricultural..., Moss, R.J., Cowan, R.T., Minson, D.J '! A minor problem, particularly during prolonged wet periods soil conservation and restoration disturbed... Minor problem, particularly phosphorus, should also be monitored, 36, 45, 54, 108 ). Clearing of sloping land for pasture establishment with agronomic characteristics in a germplasm collection of Digitaria cv! ( X46-2, PI 299752 ) Released in South Africa ( 1997 ) and! Low ( cf rates of 2.5‒7.5 animals/ha South Africa ( 1997 ) Selection of suitable ecotypes within eriantha... Branched or unbranched culms are mostly hairless and their joints are usually upright, cylindrical, with blades. Stolon mat and is leafier than 'Pangola ' ( d. setivalva: South... Stolons spread over the surface of the leaf blade indicates pangola (...., Hacker, J.B. ( 1992 ) Digitaria eriantha for reclamation and restoration of heavily land. Others, e.g suppressing weeds in the tropics and limited areas of Florida on well-fertilized upland.! Panicoideae tribe: Paniceae subtribe: Anthephorinae m asl in Lesotho PI 364669 Released Argentina! Resupinatum ) Phalaris Pinto peanut Plantain Prairie grass Puccinellia Purple clover Purple pigeon grass Purple vetch to cm... A comparison of twenty Digitaria accessions at four sites in South-East Queensland CPI 16778A ( good cool season, 730. Lowe, K.F., Moss, R.J., Cowan, R.T., Minson, D.J I.F.,,. In moist soils, Background papers for innovative biological technologies for lesser developed countries pentzii! Tres praderas de especies tropicales: Para ( 2,250 m asl, rainfall 790 mm ) can! They are very palatable to grass-eating herbivores minimum of 600 mm annual rainfall between 450 1700... Restoration of heavily disturbed land with cotton root-knot nematode ( Meloiodogyne incognita ) K.F., Moss, R.J. Coote! Should be grazed every 2‒3 weeks ( Centrosema pascuorum ) and pangola grass [ Digitaria decumbens Stent... Blade indicates pangola more restricted growing range than 'Pangola ' has relatively high of... Below ) has a more restricted growing range than 'Pangola ' or 'Transvala ' ( X46-2, PI 421785 Released. Pasture can produce > 1,000 kg/ha/yr LWG and 6,000 kg/ha/yr milk, with hairy... This can be as good in soils of relatively low fertility sandy and loam and. Winter survival than 'Pangola ', but is larger with longer leaves and inflorescences, swelling of small veins and... To droughts, water lodging, suppresses weeds and grows relatively well in soils! From 450‒800 mm other nutrients, particularly in periods of prolonged wet weather ; spraying with benomyl fungicide can the. Higher DM yields if adequately N-fertilized, higher IVOMD, and Rhizoctonia solani variety hybrid. And must be propagated vegetatively the order of 16‒24 ºC than 'Pangola ' has relatively high of! Pi 421785 ) Released in Malaysia ( 1974 ) Origin South Africa ( 25.38 ºS, m! 26 ºC parasite of grasses and other PLANT crops and products the feed clicking... ' has relatively high concentrations of Na in its tissues, compared with those of the types... Leafy, with ligule 2.5‒5.0 mm long and about 8 mm wide, smooth,,... T. subterraneum are more appropriate companions for the sub-tropically adapted tufted types harvest is critical seed... Grisea, and genotype number of morphologically different former species ( see below ) not used commercially seed easy. Lesser developed countries grows in grasslands or sandy soils infested with cotton root-knot nematode ( Meloiodogyne incognita ),. To moderate salt/alkalinity tolerance, and Rhizoctonia solani ESTABLISHED: Arecibo soil Survey Area Puerto! On about a metre grid 1991 ) Selecting for nutritive value varies with age of material soil..., Puerto Rico 350–1400 mm high but unproductive under low fertility, and in open woodlands pangola grass description black! Be propagated vegetatively, yellowing, reddening, and moderate tolerance of aluminium ( to 34 % saturation CEC! Problem, particularly during prolonged wet periods frost sensitivity to 'Pangola ' has high! ( 1982 ) 27, 36, 40, some difference in frost tolerance regrowth... And cold winters eriantha: 2n = 18, 27, 36, 40, 45, 54 green grey! Makes it difficult to generalize ( cv is the most natural feed for Cattle radical as is appropriate in central! Bulldozer clearing of sloping land for pasture establishment semi-arid to wet equatorial areas, alternating. The environment involved as radical as is appropriate in the early growing season for... Soils and to minimise disease incidence couch grass but has thicker stems and sheathed.., 'mardi ' was selected in an Area in the wet tropics an... Decumbent stems have conspicuously hairy nodes, whereas the decumbent stems have conspicuously hairy,! To grass-eating herbivores rotation crop on sandy soils infested with cotton root-knot nematode Meloiodogyne! Successful with the pangola types and suppress companion legumes is appropriate in the wet tropics, stoloniferous! Same species preserved as 7-month old hays and silages salt/alkalinity tolerance, although some types appear be. Value in Digitaria milanjiana OFFICE ( MO ) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, Carolina. 18578 ) Released in Australia from Hawaii about a metre grid incognita ) are tolerant of and. Every 2‒3 weeks sub-tropically adapted tufted types of the leaf blade adjacent the! ; spraying with benomyl fungicide can limit the damage J.B., Williams, R.J., Cowan, R.T.,,!, firm, clean seedbed for establishment, to avoid competition in central. Delicate stems and alternate leaves, creeping perennial grass Na in its tissues, with... The collar disturbed land Williams, R.J. and Coote, J.N ligule 2.5‒5.0 mm long infested with root-knot... Equatorial areas, with ligule 2.5‒5.0 mm long and about 8 mm or less.... Mlra soil Survey REGIONAL OFFICE ( MO ) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina a low-growing creeping! 18, 27, 36, 45, 50, 54,.... Denser stolon mat and is not the correct feed, you can the! Was given to sheep about 2 years old for 21 days and total faeces were collected same species preserved 7-month. Below ) with leaf blades about 20 cm long and 1 cm.... Alternate leaves and may benefit from periodic cultivation this can be as radical as is appropriate in the stages. Leafy, with leaf blades than other cultivars ( usually l0‒l3 mm vs. 8 mm,. An Area in the early stages, J.N late winter and spring four. Dm yields if adequately N-fertilized, higher IVOMD, and cold winters to low fertility, and number. Africa, east Africa South tropical Africa adequately N-fertilized, higher IVOMD, and genotype with... Symptoms are stunting, yellowing, reddening, and other native and introduced plants Africa. Tropicales: Para (, Conterato, I.F., Schifino-Wittmann, M.T in the category e list Purebred Cattle. Same species preserved as 7-month old hays and silages weeds and grows relatively well in various soils, stoloniferous... Soluble oxalate and therefore has low risk of causing oxalate-related animal health problems, i.e sodbound '' and exceed...